Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Chapter 5 Notes

5.1

  • telescope: light bucket that captures photons and focuses them for analysis
  • optical telescopes collect what is visible to naked eye; refract and reflect
  • refraction: bending of a beam of light as it passes from one transparent medium into another
  • refracting telescope: uses lens to gather and concentrate a beam of light
  • reflecting telescope: uses curved mirror to focus incoming light
  • prime focus: focus of primary mirror
  • astronomical telescopes used to make images of field of view
  • often magnified by lens to be seen by human eye
  • chromatic aberration common problem with refracting telescopes
  • some light absorbed which hinders infrared and UV observations
  • large lenses can hinder viewing
  • Newtonian telescope: light is intercepted before it reaches prime focus and is deflected to side eye piece
  • Cassegrain telescope: secondary mirror used to reflect into equipment
  • Hubble space telescope still functioning today
5.2
  • light gathering power and resolving power have increased over time
  • collecting area: total area capable of gathering radiation
  • perceived brightness is proportional to area of mirror
  • telescopes are much easier to manufacture now
  • infrared telescopes are becoming more and more popular
  • very large telescope (VLT)  in Chile
  • angular resolution aides in distinguishing objects
  • diffraction hinders ability to focus on specific objects
  • diffraction-limited resolution: best angular resolution of light
5.3
  • charge-coupled devices: electronic detectors
  • pixels: 2 dimensional array of many tiny picture elements
  • CCD chips used in many astronomical telescopes
  • more efficient than photo plates
  • image processing used to reduce background noise in pictures
  • computers help compensate for instruments not available
  • large reflectors used o form narrow fields of view
  • ccd make telescope basically used as a high power camera
  • photometry is brightness
  • filters used to limit measured wave lengths
  • photometer: measures total amount of light received in field of view
  • spectrometer: used to measure spectrum of incoming light
  • can be studied in real time or stored on ccd for later usage

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